Juniper Publishers Journal of Cell Science

Juniper Publishers- Journal of Cell Science Abstract Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-100nm) from various cells, and have emerged as a promising biomarker of some diseases. Quantitative detection of cell-derived exosome is appealing and challenging. In recent years, many kinds of methods have emerged for the detection and analysis of exosomes, including electrochemical method, microfluidic technology, microarray chip and colorimetric method. We summarize the current detection methods of exosomes and highlight the development direction of detection method for exosomes. Keywords: Exosomes; Electrochemical biosensors; Microarray chip; Microfluidic platform; Flow immunoassay; Colorimetric method Introduction Exosomes were initially reported in 1983 by Johnstone and colleagues while culturing reticulocytes [ 1 ]. It is already very clear that exosomes are cell-derived lipid bilayer vesicles that range from 30 to 100nm in d...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease which affects up to 40% of people aged over 65 years causing joint pain, stiffness/impaired mobility and having a significant negative effect on their quality of life. It is beginning to emerge that EVs could have a role in this disease pathogenesis: indeed, over the years the role of EVs as a mean of cell-to-cell communication has become increasingly clear and obvious; specifically, in OA it seems that chondrocytes and synoviocytes, the two most important cell types in joint biology, affect each other their behavior using EVs to mediate the exchange of information. In spite of this, the study of EVs released from these cells is very limited. Here we present a morphological analysis of EVs isolated from OA chondrocytes, showing both their release from cell surface (using Scansion Electron Microscopy) and their size and morphology (using Transmission Electron Microscopy); moreover, being known the role of enzymes in the degr...

Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) is well-known as its strong capacity of oxidative stress decreasing, inflammatory response attenuating and anti-apoptosis. Recent reports indicate the promotive efficacy of HO-1 on drug-insensitivity in hematological malignancies. Herein, we conduct this article to review the anti-apoptotic activities and the mechanism involved in chemo-resistance induced by abnormal expression of HO-1. In conclusion, these research progresses provide an insight into knowing properties of HO-1 and disclose a new strategy to reversing drug-resistance in hematological malignancies. To read more please click on:  Full text For more Open access journals please click on Juniper Publishers   For more articles please click on Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology

International Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology Only a few cases of epidermal cysts of the breast have been reported in the literature. The lesion is characterized by a cyst containing keratinous matter and lined by squamous cells . Therefore, a few examples are presented from a developing community on account of the construction of a histopathology data pool that was hailed to be advantageous in epidemiological analysis. Three local cases were found in 2 females and one male between 22 and 60 years; the squamous lining may be partly lost; abscess may be formed with associated cellulitis of the adjoining fat, and foreign body giant cells may appear. Read more please click on:  Full text For more Open access journals please click on Juniper Publishers For more articles please click on Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology

In this study, CXCR4 siRNA labeled with 99m Tc was used in gene imaging of nude mice for the breast carcinoma. Small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting human CXCR4 was radiolabeled by using the bifunctional chelator HYNIC. Negative control siRNA were synthesized by siRNA targeted to CXCR4 mRNA and radiolabeled by 99m Tc with the bifunctional chelator HYNIC. Animal models of nude mice bearing human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 were established, divided them into three groups, 10 mice in each group. 7.4MBq of 99mTcO4-, 99m Tc- HYNIC(siRNA) and 99m Tc-HYNIC(-siRNA) were separately injected through tail vein to the three groups. Images of these animal modelswere acquired with SPECT, the ratio of T/M was calculated by region of interest (ROI) https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555568.php For more Open access journals please click on Juniper Publishers For more articles please click on Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology

The interaction between colloidal gold nano particles with bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin and Deoxy Ribo Nucleic acid were studied by spectroscopy. The conjugation of proteins with NPs not only affords stabilization of the system but, more importantly, also introduces biocompatible functionalities into nano particles for further biological interactions. The surface modifications of gold nano particles to provide stable bimolecular functionalized NPs in biomedical applications have been reported. Next, photo hemolytic activity of gold nanoparticles and light photons in hematocrit were studied.  Photo induced hemolysis is a colloidal-osmotic process due to loss of selective permeability of the photo damaged membrane leads to indiscriminate entrance of solute molecules, swelling and eventual membrane rupture. 30 nm gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction technique using trisodium citrate and the size was confirmed by Transmission electron Microscopy and UV...

Risk Factors and Treatment Outcome In NodeNegative Breast Cancer Patients With Tumors Five Cm and Larger, Impact of Pmrt by Samy El Badawy in International Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology in Juniper Publishers Methods and Materials: Between 1996 and 2006, a total of 171 patients with node-negative breast cancer and tumors 5 cm or larger were treated with mastectomy and adjuvant systemic therapies. 91% of patients also received post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) using hypo fractionation regimen, at Gharbia Cancer Society Center, Egypt. We retrospectively assessed rates and risk factors for loco regional failure free survival (LRF FS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in these patients. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555566.php For more Open access journals please click on Juniper Publishers :  https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on International Journal of Cell Science &Mol...

SquamousCell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Developing Community by Wilson IB Onuigbo in Juniper Publishers in International Journal of Cell Science & MolecularBiology Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is so rare that single cases are usually reported, the squamous appearance being classical. To augment the few examples reported from India, Italy, and USA, this report is from Nigeria. It was facilitated on ground that the establishment of a histopathology data pool can promote epidemiological analysis. Such a data pool established by the Government of the Eastern Region of Nigeria at the capital city, Enugu, provided the opportunity to obtain 4 cases from among the ethnic group called the Ibos or Igbos. It is important to add these examples to the world literature. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555565.php For more Open access journals please click on Juniper Publishers :     https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles ple...

In Silico Optimization of Formate Formation byAcetobacteriumium woodii's formate Dehydrogenase by Ibrahim Torktaz in JuniperPublishers in International Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology Formate dehydrogenase from Acetobacteriumium woodii is under investigation for industrial conversion of CO2 to formate. To have an economically viable biotechnological process for production of formate from CO 2 the conversion rate needs to be increased substantially. Here, we used structure prediction and molecular modelingfor predicting a reliable 3D structure of A. woodii FDH and following docking experiments we identified two critical residues as main formate binding sites in the enzyme. Our result will help to increase the efficacy of CO 2 fixation as a biotechnological approach to reduce the atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas as well as biologically producing formate as a safe way of H2 transport in biofuel application. https://juniperp...

Epidemiological features of papillary carcinoma of thebreast in a developing community by Wilson IB Onuigbo in Juniper Publishers in InternationalJournal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology A separate challenge in characterizing papillary carcinoma of the breast is related to the fact that a large proportion of the literature consists of individual case reports. The scarcity of information was remedied from certain centers. The present paper seeks, therefore, to add materials obtained from a histopathology data pool covering the Ibo or Igbo Ethnic Group domiciled in a developing community in Nigeria. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555561.php For more Open access journals please click on JuniperPublishers :  https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on International Journal ofCell Science & Molecular Biology :  https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/index.php

Gut Microbes as a Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Model inCancer by Nahla AM Hamed in Juniper Publishers in International Journal of CellScience & Molecular Biology In addition to its association with an expanding list of chronic disorders, commensal microbiota is major player affecting the outcome of carcinogenesis, tumor progression, cancer comorbidities, and response to therapy. Previous studies showed that microbial disturbance by antibiotic exposure severely compromised the efficacy of cyclophosphamide and platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Many of the critical clinical outcomes after allo-HSCT, including overall survival, infections and GVHD are closely linked to changes in the intestinal flora. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555560.php For more Open access journals please click on JuniperPublishers :  https://juniperpublishers.com/index.php For more articles please click on International Journal ofCell Science & Molecular ...

Response to Eribulin in a Difficult-To-Treat Triple NegativeBreast Cancer Patient by Raul Marquez Vazquez in Juniper Publishers in InternationalJournal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology In this paper, we report our experience with eribulinmesylate in a locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (BC) patient who was treated with antracyclines and taxanes, and became metastatic. After one refractory line with Capecitabine and Bevacizumab, there was response to Eribulin. No unexpected acute toxicity was observed. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555559.php For more Open access journals please click on JuniperPublishers :  https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on International Journal ofCell Science & Molecular Biology : https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/index.php

Lipomatosis in a Developing Communitys by Wilson IB Onuigbo in Juniper Publishers in International Journal of Cell Science & MolecularBiology A Birmingham (UK) group postulated that a histopathology data pool opens the gate to epidemiologic analysis. Such a pool came into existence among an Ethnic Group called the Ibos or Igbos in South-eastern Nigeria. Personal analysis of it from the 1970s to 2000 yielded 22 examples. Among them, one case was familial. Most occurred in males, the M/F ratio being 19/3. None was detected outside the skin. Most cases were diagnosed at the Cosmopolitan Enugu (12 cases), while the next ranking town was Afikpo (4 cases), this being a missionary outpost in the hinterlands. Concerning age, most males were in the 21-40 age groups, whereas the females were in the 41-61 older age bracket. Hardly any was painful. With 4 cases submitted by a specialist in Dermatology, most were sent by other single practitioners. https://juniperpublishe...

Prion diseases are transmitted by the protein agent that can transfer its distinct misfolded structure to its normal counterparts and form insoluble aggregates in the nervous system. Recent findings led to the emergence of the prion paradigm of the protein agents that underlie neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review will discuss current knowledge concerning both human prion diseases and prion-like transmission properties related to neurodegenerative diseases. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555557.php For more Open access journals please click on   https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on  https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/index.php

Since Dolly cloning by Ian wilmut, Scientists have raised a heated debate in various means of communication, the issue of human being cloning. Since that time the researchers tried in their laboratories to clone human for about two decades without successful results. Not only this, but one of the south Korean researchers, on Dec. 24, 1998 falsely claimed that he had successful human being cloning, which later on according to a report released by Seoul National University panel investigating his work, revealed that Dr. Hwang Woo-Suk who claimed to have cloned human cells was having a fallacious report and fabricated data for all of that research and he convicted for embezzlement and false claim. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555556.php For more Open access journals please click on   https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on  https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/

Regarding translational research on lung cancer, a recent report came from China. In the present paper from Nigeria, necrosis was noted to occur when cancer cells being transported within the thoracic duct were comingled with red cells. It was hypothesized that the retrieval of such rich natural pabulum in addition to the replication of it in translational laboratories will conduce to cancer cure. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555555.php For more Open access journals please click on   https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on  https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/

The CRISPR/ Cas9 machinery, which is known to provide adaptive immunity to bacteria and archeae, has been proven an efficient tool for genome editing in a wide range of organisms. It is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that introduces double-stranded breaks in the target DNA. This compact machinery has been adapted and is being widely used for precise editing and modification of the genome [1]. This review focuses on genome editing using the CRISPR/ Cas9 system for correction of genetic diseases. Here, we review examples from literature where the CRISPR/ Cas9 system has been used for the correction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), cataract caused due to mutations in the Crygc gene, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease. https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/IJCSMB.MS.ID.555554.php For more Open access journals please click on  https://juniperpublishers.com/ For more articles please click on  https://juniperpublishers.com/ijcsmb/index.php

Cadmium is an established toxic metal with its ability to accumulate in blood, liver and kidney. Cadmium is chemically related to zinc and found wherever zinc occurs in nature. It is emitted to air and water by mines, metal foundries and industries using Cadmium in alkaline accumulators, alloys, paints and plastics. Cadmium is known to alter the tissue distribution of the essential trace metals like Zn, Cu and Fe this effect has been shown to be associated with many of the toxic effects of cadmium like anemia and anosmia. Protein malnutrition enhances the susceptibility to cadmium intoxication which affects metabolism of essential trace elements; Zn, Fe and Cu were studied, in normal and protein under-nourished rats. Estimation of metals was done routinely in samples of urine and tissue (brain, liver, kidney and blood) in rats of dietary groups, 21% and 8%, after 120 days of Cd exposure, 50 ppm, through drinking water. Significant aberrations in levels of the essenti...

The far famed, weighty work of Willis on metastasis contains two statements on melanuria on the basis of the urinary bladder and even the liver. Therefore, this paper considers further evidences based on collating sufficient materials from The Transactions of the Pathological Society of London. The findings included wide ranging discussion of melanuria by the old masters themselves as well as at present Read more please click on:   Full text For more Open access journals please click on  Juniper Publishers    For more articles please click on  Journal of Cell Science & Molecular Biology

Exosomes are small mobile endocytic vesicles (30-120nm), shredded by every cell to conduct trafficking of cell generated cargo. They are found in almost all body fluids (blood, csf, saliva, urine). These include proteins, lipids, DNA, mi(cro)RNAs etc. In multicellular organisms, they are packaged into numerous vesicles mainly in exosomes to conduct their transport for various cellular activities which can be exploited clinically. Presently the survival of renal allograft is monitored by mostly invasive methods (tissue biopsy, Creatinine, GFR) where curving the injury is quite difficult. Hence potency of molecular markers like proteins and then circulating miRNAs came to picture for early detection of renal injury (Acute Kidney Injury-AKI and Chronic Kidney Disease-CKD). However, due to lack of specificity of circulating miRNAs lose their feasibility and the discovery of these exosomal cargos in cellular communication has become an efficient tool for treatment of variou...